The thrombin-activatable fibrinolysis inhibitor (TAFI) is a key mediator in the regulation of endogenous fibrinolysis, down-regulating clot lysis by degrading the C-terminal lysine residues from fibrin, which are important for binding and activating plasminogen. Elevated TAFI antigen levels have been suggested to be associated with promoter variants and the Ala147Thr polymorphism; increased TAFI stability and antifibrinolytic potential instead have been associated with the Thr325Ile polymorphism. We investigated the influence of these two polymorphisms on cardiovascular and thrombotic events in patients of the Ludwig-shafen Risk and Cardiovascular Health (LURIC) study. The LURIC study is a prospective cohort study comprising more than 3,300 patients aimed at identifying biochemical and genetic markers for metabolic and cardiovascular diseases. We demonstrate that the Ile/Ile genotype at position 325 of TAFI associates with the incidence of stroke and the age at onset of first stroke in patients of the LURIC cohort. Both the incidence of stroke and the risk of a premature event are higher in TAFI Ile325Ile patients with predisposing risk factors for thrombotic events such as diabetes mellitus, myocardial infarction or hypertension, alone or in combination. In contrast, no significant association was identified for the TAFI Ala147Thr polymorphism. The robust association of the TAFI Thr325Ile polymorphism with the incidence and the age at onset of first stroke strongly suggests a key role for TAFI in the pathogenetic mechanism of stroke.