Cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) is the second most common skin malignancy in the general population. There are many risk factors for SCC, the most important one being solar radiation. The incidence of SCC is increased 60-100 fold in organ transplant recipients (OTR), making it the most common malignancy in these patients (Berg and Otley, 2002; Euvrard et al., 2003). SCC in OTR is characterized by a higher risk of metastasis in up to 20% and shows a more aggressive course than SCC in the general population (Euvrard et al., 2003).

Recent work has delineated a class of small non-coding RNA species known as microRNAs. By associating with the 3’-UTR region of target mRNAs, microRNAs have important regulatory roles in diverse cellular pathways including development, differentiation, organogenesis, stem cell and germ line proliferation and apoptosis (Chen et al., 2004; Lin, 2005; O'Donnell et al., 2005; Poy et al., 2004; Zhao et al., 2005). Importantly, the successful use of antagomirs to silence microRNAs in mice and nonhuman primates suggests a possible therapeutic use of microRNAs (Elmen et al., 2008; Krutzfeldt