Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is a pathophysiological disorder that may involve multiple clinical conditions and can complicate the majority of cardiovascular and respiratory diseases. The composition of the guidelines task force reflects the multidisciplinary nature of PH, including members of different medical societies, associations and working groups. The current document follows the two previous ESC and ERS Guidelines, published in 2004 and 2009, focusing on clinical management of PH. A systematic literature review was performed from MEDLINEw to identify new studies published since 2009 concerning the topic of PH. Task force members selected studies based on relevance and appropriateness. The main changes and adaptations as compared with the 2009 ESC and ERS PH guidelines are as follows:

† The table of contents structure has been simplified, with three initial general chapters including classifications, basic aspects and differential diagnosis, two chapters for pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) and one chapter each for PH due to left heart disease (LHD), lung disease and/or hypoxia, chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension (CTEPH) and unclear and/or multifactorial mechanisms.† New wordings and parameters for the haemodynamic definition of post-capillary PH subgroups have been adopted. Pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR) has been included in the haemodynamic definition of PAH.