[HTML][HTML] A KSHV microRNA directly targets G protein-coupled receptor kinase 2 to promote the migration and invasion of endothelial cells by inducing CXCR2 and …

M Hu, C Wang, W Li, W Lu, Z Bai, D Qin, Q Yan… - PLoS …, 2015 - journals.plos.org
M Hu, C Wang, W Li, W Lu, Z Bai, D Qin, Q Yan, J Zhu, BJ Krueger, R Renne, SJ Gao, C Lu
PLoS pathogens, 2015journals.plos.org
Kaposi's sarcoma (KS) is a highly disseminated angiogenic tumor of endothelial cells linked
to infection by Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV). KSHV encodes more than
two dozens of miRNAs but their roles in KSHV-induced tumor dissemination and metastasis
remain unknown. Here, we found that ectopic expression of miR-K12-3 (miR-K3) promoted
endothelial cell migration and invasion. Bioinformatics and luciferase reporter analyses
showed that miR-K3 directly targeted G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) kinase 2 (GRK2 …
Kaposi's sarcoma (KS) is a highly disseminated angiogenic tumor of endothelial cells linked to infection by Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV). KSHV encodes more than two dozens of miRNAs but their roles in KSHV-induced tumor dissemination and metastasis remain unknown. Here, we found that ectopic expression of miR-K12-3 (miR-K3) promoted endothelial cell migration and invasion. Bioinformatics and luciferase reporter analyses showed that miR-K3 directly targeted G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) kinase 2 (GRK2, official gene symbol ADRBK1). Importantly, overexpression of GRK2 reversed miR-K3 induction of cell migration and invasion. Furthermore, the chemokine receptor CXCR2, which was negatively regulated by GRK2, was upregulated in miR-K3-transduced endothelial cells. Knock down of CXCR2 abolished miR-K3-induced cell migration and invasion. Moreover, miR-K3 downregulation of GRK2 relieved its direct inhibitory effect on AKT. Both CXCR2 induction and the release of AKT from GRK2 were required for miR-K3 maximum activation of AKT and induction of cell migration and invasion. Finally, deletion of miR-K3 from the KSHV genome abrogated its effect on the GRK2/CXCR2/AKT pathway and KSHV-induced migration and invasion. Our data provide the first-line evidence that, by repressing GRK2, miR-K3 facilitates cell migration and invasion via activation of CXCR2/AKT signaling, which likely contribute to the dissemination of KSHV-induced tumors.
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