The role of toll-like receptors in host defenses and their relevance to dermatologic diseases
American journal of clinical dermatology, 2010•Springer
The family of toll-like receptors (TLRs) plays a central role in the cutaneous immune defense
system. To date, different TLRs have been found on several major cell populations of the
skin, such as keratinocytes, fibroblasts, antigen-presenting cells, and melanocytes.
Activation of TLRs leads, via different intracellular signaling pathways, to the production of
pro-inflammatory stimuli, and is considered a danger signal that should transform the skin in
to the functional state of defense. However, TLRs have also been implicated in tissue …
system. To date, different TLRs have been found on several major cell populations of the
skin, such as keratinocytes, fibroblasts, antigen-presenting cells, and melanocytes.
Activation of TLRs leads, via different intracellular signaling pathways, to the production of
pro-inflammatory stimuli, and is considered a danger signal that should transform the skin in
to the functional state of defense. However, TLRs have also been implicated in tissue …
Abstract
The family of toll-like receptors (TLRs) plays a central role in the cutaneous immune defense system. To date, different TLRs have been found on several major cell populations of the skin, such as keratinocytes, fibroblasts, antigen-presenting cells, and melanocytes.
Activation of TLRs leads, via different intracellular signaling pathways, to the production of pro-inflammatory stimuli, and is considered a danger signal that should transform the skin in to the functional state of defense. However, TLRs have also been implicated in tissue homeostasis and renewal.
Within the group of TLRs, two types have been identified: surface-expressed TLRs, which are predominantly active against bacterial cell wall compounds; and intracellular receptors, which preferentially recognize virus-associated pattern molecules. In addition, surface-expressed receptors trigger phagocytotic and maturation signals, while the intracellular TLRs lead to the induction of antiviral genes.
Our review aims to outline the importance of TLRs in the pathogenesis of numerous skin diseases and the potential of TLR agonists as a treatment option for various skin diseases.
Springer