Many viruses trigger the type I interferon (IFN) system, leading to the transcription of
hundreds of interferon-stimulated genes (ISGs). The products of these ISGs exert numerous
antiviral effector functions, many of which are still not fully described. Recent efforts have
been aimed at identifying which ISGs are antiviral and further characterizing their
mechanisms of action. IFN effectors vary widely in their magnitude of inhibitory activity and
display combinatorial antiviral properties. Collectively, ISGs can target almost any step in a …