Resistance to cell death is a hallmark of cancer. Autophagy is a survival mechanism
activated in response to nutrient deprivation; however, excessive autophagy will ultimately
induce cell death in a nonapoptotic manner. The present study demonstrates that CCL2
protects prostate cancer PC3 cells from autophagic death, allowing prolonged survival in
serum-free conditions. Upon serum starvation, CCL2 induced survivin up-regulation in PC3,
DU 145, and C4-2B prostate cancer cells. Both cell survival and survivin expression were …