Billions of base pairs of DNA must be replicated trillions of times in a human lifetime.
Complete and accurate replication once and only once per cell division cycle is essential to
maintain genome integrity and prevent disease. Impediments to replication fork progression
including difficult to replicate DNA sequences, conflicts with transcription, and DNA damage
further add to the genome maintenance challenge. These obstacles frequently cause fork
stalling, but only rarely cause a failure to complete replication. Robust mechanisms ensure …