FOXOs: signalling integrators for homeostasis maintenance

A Eijkelenboom, BMT Burgering - Nature reviews Molecular cell biology, 2013 - nature.com
A Eijkelenboom, BMT Burgering
Nature reviews Molecular cell biology, 2013nature.com
Forkhead box O (FOXO) transcription factors are involved in the regulation of the cell cycle,
apoptosis and metabolism. In model organisms, FOXO activity also affects stem cell
maintenance and lifespan as well as age-related diseases, such as cancer and diabetes.
Multiple upstream pathways regulate FOXO activity through post-translational modifications
and nuclear–cytoplasmic shuttling of both FOXO and its regulators. The diversity of this
upstream regulation and the downstream effects of FOXOs suggest that they function as …
Abstract
Forkhead box O (FOXO) transcription factors are involved in the regulation of the cell cycle, apoptosis and metabolism. In model organisms, FOXO activity also affects stem cell maintenance and lifespan as well as age-related diseases, such as cancer and diabetes. Multiple upstream pathways regulate FOXO activity through post-translational modifications and nuclear–cytoplasmic shuttling of both FOXO and its regulators. The diversity of this upstream regulation and the downstream effects of FOXOs suggest that they function as homeostasis regulators to maintain tissue homeostasis over time and coordinate a response to environmental changes, including growth factor deprivation, metabolic stress (starvation) and oxidative stress.
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