Celiac disease is a multifactorial disorder and provides a privileged model to decipher how
the interplay between environmental and genetic factors can alter mucosal tolerance to a
food antigen, lead to chronic intestinal inflammation, and ultimately promote T-cell
lymphomagenesis. Here we summarize how HLA-DQ2/8 molecules, the main genetic risk
factor for this disease can orchestrate a CD4+ T-cell adaptive immune response against
gluten, and discuss recent data which shed light on the innate and adaptive immune stimuli …