Fish – in contrast to mammals – regenerate retinal ganglion cell axons when the optic nerve is severed. Optic nerve injury leads to reexpression of proteins, which typically are first expressed in newly differentiated retinal ganglion cells and axons. Here we identified two new proteins of fish retinal ganglion cells, reggie-1 and reggie-2, with monoclonal antibody M802 and molecular cloning techniques. In normal fish, M802 stained the few retinal axons derived from newborn ganglion cells which in fish are added lifelong to the retinal margin. After optic nerve injury, however, M802 labeled all retinal ganglion cells and retinal axons throughout their path into tectum. Consistent with M802 staining, reggie-1 and reggie-2 mRNAs were present in lesioned retinal ganglion cells, as demonstrated by in situ hybridization, but were not detectable in their normal mature counterparts. In western blots with membrane proteins of the adult goldfish brain, M802 recognizes a 48×10³M_r protein band. At the amino acid level, 48×10³M_r reggie-1 and reggie-2 are 44% identical, lack transmem-brane and membrane anchor domains, but appear membrane associated by ionic interactions. Reggie-1 and reggie-2 are homologous to 35×10³M_r ESA (human epidermal surface antigen) but are here identified as neuronal surface proteins, present on newly differentiated ganglion cells at the retinal margin and which are reex-pressed in mature ganglion cells upon injury and during axonal regeneration.