Since the performance of the first successful lung transplantation nearly two decades ago, the procedure has gained widespread acceptance as a therapeutic option for a diverse array of lung diseases. For patients with severe functional impairment and limited life expectancy, lung transplantation offers the possibility of a markedly improved quality of life and longer survival. Nonetheless, complications are frequent and result in constraints on long-term preservation of graft function and patient survival. This article will review the current status of lung transplantation, with particular attention to the selection of patients, achievable outcomes, and complications.

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