In addition to photoreceptors and neurons, glial cells (in particular Müller cells) contribute to
the removal and metabolization of neurotransmitters in the neural retina. This review
summarizes the present knowledge regarding the role of retinal glial cells in the uptake of
glutamate, N-acetylaspartylglutamate, γ-aminobutyric acid, glycine, and d-serine, as well as
the degradation and removal of purinergic receptor agonists. Some major pathways of
glutamate metabolism in Müller cells are described; these pathways are involved in the …