The driving force for neurotransmitter accumulation into synaptic vesicles is provided by the
generation of a transmembrane electrochemical gradient (ΔμH+) that has two components:
a chemical gradient (ΔpH, inside acidic) and an electrical potential across the vesicular
membrane (ΔΨ, inside positive). This gradient is generated in situ by the electrogenic
vacuolar H+-ATPase, which is responsible for the acidification and positive membrane
potential of the vesicle lumen. Here, we investigate the modulation of vesicle acidification by …