β2 integrins inhibit TLR responses by regulating NF‐κB pathway and p38 MAPK activation

NK Yee, JA Hamerman - European journal of immunology, 2013 - Wiley Online Library
NK Yee, JA Hamerman
European journal of immunology, 2013Wiley Online Library
Outside‐in signals from β2 integrins require immunoreceptor tyrosine‐based activation motif
adapters in myeloid cells that are known to dampen TLR responses. However, the
relationship between β2 integrins and TLR regulation is unclear. Here we show that
deficiency in β2 integrins (I tgb2−/−) causes hyperresponsiveness to TLR stimulation,
demonstrating that β2 integrins inhibit signals downstream of TLR ligation. I tgb2−/−
macrophages and dendritic cells produced more IL‐12 and IL‐6 than WT cells when …
Outside‐in signals from β2 integrins require immunoreceptor tyrosine‐based activation motif adapters in myeloid cells that are known to dampen TLR responses. However, the relationship between β2 integrins and TLR regulation is unclear. Here we show that deficiency in β2 integrins (Itgb2−/−) causes hyperresponsiveness to TLR stimulation, demonstrating that β2 integrins inhibit signals downstream of TLR ligation. Itgb2−/− macrophages and dendritic cells produced more IL‐12 and IL‐6 than WT cells when stimulated with TLR agonists and Itgb2−/− mice produced more inflammatory cytokines than WT mice when injected with LPS. TLR hypersensitivity was not the result of insufficient ABIN‐3, A20, Hes‐1, or IRAK‐M expression, nor to changes in IL‐10 production or sensitivity, though Itgb2−/− macrophages had reduced p38 MAPK phosphorylation after LPS treatment. Furthermore, a Cbl‐b‐MyD88 regulatory axis is not required for TLR inhibition in macrophages. Instead, Itgb2−/‐ macrophages presented with enhanced IκBα degradation, leading to changes in NF‐κB recruitment to target promoters and elevated cytokine, chemokine, and anti‐apoptotic gene transcription. Thus, β2 integrins limit TLR signaling by inhibiting NF‐κB pathway activation and promoting p38 MAPK activation, thereby fine‐tuning TLR‐induced inflammatory responses.
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