Inhibition of Th17 cells regulates autoimmune diabetes in NOD mice

JA Emamaullee, J Davis, S Merani, C Toso, JF Elliott… - Diabetes, 2009 - Am Diabetes Assoc
JA Emamaullee, J Davis, S Merani, C Toso, JF Elliott, A Thiesen, AMJ Shapiro
Diabetes, 2009Am Diabetes Assoc
OBJECTIVE The T helper 17 (Th17) population, a subset of CD4-positive T-cells that secrete
interleukin (IL)-17, has been implicated in autoimmune diseases, including multiple
sclerosis and lupus. Therapeutic agents that target the Th17 effector molecule IL-17 or
directly inhibit the Th17 population (IL-25) have shown promise in animal models of
autoimmunity. The role of Th17 cells in type 1 diabetes has been less clear. The effect of
neutralizing anti–IL-17 and recombinant IL-25 on the development of diabetes in NOD mice …
OBJECTIVE
The T helper 17 (Th17) population, a subset of CD4-positive T-cells that secrete interleukin (IL)-17, has been implicated in autoimmune diseases, including multiple sclerosis and lupus. Therapeutic agents that target the Th17 effector molecule IL-17 or directly inhibit the Th17 population (IL-25) have shown promise in animal models of autoimmunity. The role of Th17 cells in type 1 diabetes has been less clear. The effect of neutralizing anti–IL-17 and recombinant IL-25 on the development of diabetes in NOD mice, a model of spontaneous autoimmune diabetes, was investigated in this study.
RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS AND RESULTS
Although treatment with either anti–IL-17 or IL-25 had no effect on diabetes development in young (<5 weeks) NOD mice, either intervention prevented diabetes when treatment was started at 10 weeks of age (P < 0.001). Insulitis scoring and immunofluorescence staining revealed that both anti–IL-17 and IL-25 significantly reduced peri-islet T-cell infiltrates. Both treatments also decreased GAD65 autoantibody levels. Analysis of pancreatic lymph nodes revealed that both treatments increased the frequency of regulatory T-cells. Further investigation demonstrated that IL-25 therapy was superior to anti–IL-17 during mature diabetes because it promoted a period of remission from new-onset diabetes in 90% of treated animals. Similarly, IL-25 delayed recurrent autoimmunity after syngeneic islet transplantation, whereas anti–IL-17 was of no benefit. GAD65-specific ELISpot and CD4-positive adoptive transfer studies showed that IL-25 treatment resulted in a T-cell–mediated dominant protective effect against autoimmunity.
CONCLUSIONS
These studies suggest that Th17 cells are involved in the pathogenesis of autoimmune diabetes. Further development of Th17-targeted therapeutic agents may be of benefit in this disease.
Am Diabetes Assoc