Phantom limbs provide valuable insight into the mechanisms underlying bodily awareness
and ownership. This paper reviews the complexity of phantom limb phenomena
(proprioception, form, position, posture and telescoping), and the various contributions of
internal constructs of the body, or body schema, and neuromatrix theory in explaining these
phenomena. Specific systems and processes that have received little attention in phantom
limb research are also reviewed and highlighted as important future directions. These …