Resolvin D1 (RvD1) limits neutrophil recruitment during acute inflammation and is derived from omega-3 docosahexaenoic acid to promote catabasis. The contribution of its specific receptors, the lipoxin A₄/Annexin-A1 receptor formyl-peptide receptor 2 (FPR2/ALX) and the orphan receptor G-protein–coupled receptor 32 (GPR32) are of considerable interest.

RvD1 reduced human polymorphonuclear leukocytes recruitment to endothelial cells under shear conditions as quantified using a flow chamber system. Receptor-specific antibodies blocked these anti-inflammatory actions of RvD1, with low (1 nmol/L) concentrations sensitive to GPR32 blockade, while the higher (10 nmol/L) concentration appeared FPR2/ALX-specific. Interestingly, polymorphonuclear leukocytes surface expression of FPR2/ALX but not GPR32 increased following activation with pro-inflammatory stimuli, corresponding with secretory vesicle mobilization. Lipid mediator metabololipidomics carried out with 24-hour exudates revealed that RvD1 in vivo gave a significant reduction in the levels of a number of pro-inflammatory mediators including prostaglandins and leukotriene B₄. These actions of RvD1 were abolished in fpr2 null mice.

Pro-resolving lipid mediators and their receptors, such as RvD1 and the 2 G-protein–coupled receptors, studied here regulate resolution and may provide new therapeutic strategies for diseases with a vascular inflammatory component.