The purine nucleotide adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is a universal source of energy for any
intracellular reaction. Under specific physiological or pathological conditions, ATP can be
released into extracellular spaces, where it binds and activates the purinergic receptors
system (ie P2X, P2Y and P1 receptors). Extracellular ATP (eATP) binds to P2X or P2Y
receptors in immune cells, where it mediates proliferation, chemotaxis, cytokine release,
antigen presentation and cytotoxicity. eATP is then hydrolyzed by ectonucleotidases into …