[HTML][HTML] Hexokinase II integrates energy metabolism and cellular protection: Akting on mitochondria and TORCing to autophagy

DJ Roberts, S Miyamoto - Cell Death & Differentiation, 2015 - nature.com
DJ Roberts, S Miyamoto
Cell Death & Differentiation, 2015nature.com
Accumulating evidence reveals that metabolic and cell survival pathways are closely
related, sharing common signaling molecules. Hexokinase catalyzes the phosphorylation of
glucose, the rate-limiting first step of glycolysis. Hexokinase II (HK-II) is a predominant
isoform in insulin-sensitive tissues such as heart, skeletal muscle, and adipose tissues. It is
also upregulated in many types of tumors associated with enhanced aerobic glycolysis in
tumor cells, the Warburg effect. In addition to the fundamental role in glycolysis, HK-II is …
Abstract
Accumulating evidence reveals that metabolic and cell survival pathways are closely related, sharing common signaling molecules. Hexokinase catalyzes the phosphorylation of glucose, the rate-limiting first step of glycolysis. Hexokinase II (HK-II) is a predominant isoform in insulin-sensitive tissues such as heart, skeletal muscle, and adipose tissues. It is also upregulated in many types of tumors associated with enhanced aerobic glycolysis in tumor cells, the Warburg effect. In addition to the fundamental role in glycolysis, HK-II is increasingly recognized as a component of a survival signaling nexus. This review summarizes recent advances in understanding the protective role of HK-II, controlling cellular growth, preventing mitochondrial death pathway and enhancing autophagy, with a particular focus on the interaction between HK-II and Akt/mTOR pathway to integrate metabolic status with the control of cell survival.
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