T-bet-expressing B cells, first identified as perpetuators of autoimmunity, were recently
shown to be critical for murine antiviral responses. While their role in human viral infections
remains unclear, B cells expressing T-bet or demonstrating a related phenotype have been
described in individuals chronically infected with HIV or HCV, suggesting these cells
represent a component of human antiviral responses. In this review, we discuss the
induction of T-bet in B cells following both HIV and HCV infections, the factors driving T-bet+ …