Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D) is a complex disease characterized by β-cell failure in the
setting of insulin resistance. The current evidence suggests that genetic predisposition, and
environmental factors can impair the capacity of the β-cells to respond to insulin resistance
and ultimately lead to their failure. However, genetic studies have demonstrated that known
variants account for less than 10% of the overall estimated T2D risk, suggesting that
additional unidentified factors contribute to susceptibility of this disease. In this review, we …