Amino acid signalling upstream of mTOR

JL Jewell, RC Russell, KL Guan - Nature reviews Molecular cell biology, 2013 - nature.com
JL Jewell, RC Russell, KL Guan
Nature reviews Molecular cell biology, 2013nature.com
Mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) is a conserved Ser/Thr kinase that is part of mTOR
complex 1 (mTORC1), a master regulator that couples amino acid availability to cell growth
and autophagy. Multiple cues modulate mTORC1 activity, such as growth factors, stress,
energy status and amino acids. Although amino acids are key environmental stimuli, exactly
how they are sensed and how they activate mTORC1 is not fully understood. Recently, a
model has emerged whereby mTORC1 activation occurs at the lysosome and is mediated …
Abstract
Mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) is a conserved Ser/Thr kinase that is part of mTOR complex 1 (mTORC1), a master regulator that couples amino acid availability to cell growth and autophagy. Multiple cues modulate mTORC1 activity, such as growth factors, stress, energy status and amino acids. Although amino acids are key environmental stimuli, exactly how they are sensed and how they activate mTORC1 is not fully understood. Recently, a model has emerged whereby mTORC1 activation occurs at the lysosome and is mediated through an amino acid sensing cascade involving RAG GTPases, Ragulator and vacuolar H+-ATPase (v-ATPase).
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