Phase I study of cord blood‐derived natural killer cells combined with autologous stem cell transplantation in multiple myeloma

N Shah, L Li, J McCarty, I Kaur, E Yvon… - British journal of …, 2017 - Wiley Online Library
N Shah, L Li, J McCarty, I Kaur, E Yvon, H Shaim, M Muftuoglu, E Liu, RZ Orlowski, L Cooper…
British journal of haematology, 2017Wiley Online Library
Multiple myeloma (MM) is a disease with known immune dysregulation. Natural killer (NK)
cells have shown preclinical activity in MM. We conducted a first‐in‐human study of
umbilical cord blood‐derived (CB) NK cells for MM patients undergoing high dose
chemotherapy and autologous haematopoietic stem cell transplantation (auto‐HCT).
Patients received lenalidomide (10 mg) on days− 8 to− 2, melphalan 200 mg/m2 on day− 7,
CB‐NK cells on day− 5 and auto‐HCT on day 0. Twelve patients were enrolled, three on …
Summary
Multiple myeloma (MM) is a disease with known immune dysregulation. Natural killer (NK) cells have shown preclinical activity in MM. We conducted a first‐in‐human study of umbilical cord blood‐derived (CB) NK cells for MM patients undergoing high dose chemotherapy and autologous haematopoietic stem cell transplantation (auto‐HCT). Patients received lenalidomide (10 mg) on days −8 to −2, melphalan 200 mg/m2 on day −7, CB‐NK cells on day −5 and auto‐HCT on day 0. Twelve patients were enrolled, three on each of four CB‐NK cell dose levels: 5 × 106, 1 × 107, 5 × 107 and 1 × 108 CB‐NK cells/kg. Ten patients had either high‐risk chromosomal changes or a history of relapsed/progressed disease. There were no infusional toxicities and no graft‐versus‐host disease. One patient failed to engraft due to poor autologous graft quality and was rescued with a back‐up autologous graft. Overall, 10 patients achieved at least a very good partial response as their best response, including eight with near complete response or better. With a median follow‐up of 21 months, four patients have progressed or relapsed, two of whom have died. CB‐NK cells were detected in vivo in six patients, with an activated phenotype (NKG2D+/NKp30+). These data warrant further development of this novel cellular therapy.
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