Epitope-focused vaccine design against influenza A and B viruses
H Ren, P Zhou - Current opinion in immunology, 2016 - Elsevier
H Ren, P Zhou
Current opinion in immunology, 2016•ElsevierHighlights•Anti-HA nAbs with various degrees of cross-reactivity have been
isolated.•Conserved stem and head (RBS vs. outside RBS) epitopes have been
elucidated.•The discovery of these epitopes has spurred stem-based and RBS-based
vaccine designs.•Conserved epitopes outside RBS could also be explored for vaccine
designs.The threat of influenza A and B variants via antigenic drift and emerging novel
influenza A and B strains in the human population via antigenic shift has spurred research …
isolated.•Conserved stem and head (RBS vs. outside RBS) epitopes have been
elucidated.•The discovery of these epitopes has spurred stem-based and RBS-based
vaccine designs.•Conserved epitopes outside RBS could also be explored for vaccine
designs.The threat of influenza A and B variants via antigenic drift and emerging novel
influenza A and B strains in the human population via antigenic shift has spurred research …
Highlights
- Anti-HA nAbs with various degrees of cross-reactivity have been isolated.
- Conserved stem and head (RBS vs. outside RBS) epitopes have been elucidated.
- The discovery of these epitopes has spurred stem-based and RBS-based vaccine designs.
- Conserved epitopes outside RBS could also be explored for vaccine designs.
The threat of influenza A and B variants via antigenic drift and emerging novel influenza A and B strains in the human population via antigenic shift has spurred research efforts to improve upon current seasonal influenza vaccines. In recent years, a wave of novel technological breakthroughs has lead to the identification of many broadly anti-influenza hemagglutinin (HA) monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) and the elucidation of the conserved epitopes recognized by these mAbs in both the head and the stem of HA as well as the mechanisms of inhibition. These discoveries along with an improved understanding of how the immune system responds to influenza infection and vaccination has spurred great efforts on stem-based cross-subtype (‘universal’) vaccine design as well as RBS-based HA subtype-specific vaccine design.
Elsevier